青海師范大學(xué)中國語言文學(xué)一級(jí)學(xué)科研究生通識(shí)課程
“跨文化中國學(xué)研究方法論”第三講
[意大利]路易薩《歐洲漢學(xué)發(fā)展簡(jiǎn)史》
歐洲高校教授簡(jiǎn)介：路易薩(Luisa Prudentino)，意大利漢學(xué)家，意大利萊切的薩蘭托大學(xué)中國語言和文化教授，畢業(yè)于世界上第一個(gè)成立漢學(xué)系的意大利那不勒斯大學(xué)東方學(xué)院，主要研究歐洲漢學(xué)史和中國電影史，已發(fā)表一系列研究成果，引起當(dāng)代歐洲漢學(xué)界的關(guān)注。本次參加“教育援青”人文學(xué)科基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)教學(xué)工作，為青海師大文學(xué)院研究生授課。
青海師范大學(xué)中國語言文學(xué)一級(jí)學(xué)科“跨文化中國學(xué)研究方法論”研究生課程第三講，于2022年3月26日在線上舉行。主講人為意大利薩蘭托大學(xué)路易薩教授，題目是《歐洲漢學(xué)發(fā)展簡(jiǎn)史—從意大利漢學(xué)家馬國賢談起》。青海師范大學(xué)文學(xué)院副院長劉曉林教授主持講座，青海師范大學(xué)文學(xué)院研究生和部分教師、青海師大高科院研究人員，以及北京師范大學(xué)部分師生參加聽講。
路易薩是意大利漢學(xué)家，中意文化交流源遠(yuǎn)流長，中國人對(duì)意大利的兩位來華歷史人物馬可?波羅和利瑪竇耳熟能詳。近三百年前，意大利成立了世界上第一個(gè)漢學(xué)系，即今天的那不勒斯大學(xué)東方學(xué)院。每年都有大批青年學(xué)生從世界各地來到這里，在這一方歐洲文藝復(fù)興運(yùn)動(dòng)興起之地，學(xué)習(xí)中文和中國文化，這里也成為歐洲早期漢學(xué)史的重要象征。
路易薩教授本次講課的要點(diǎn)是，歐洲漢學(xué)史的發(fā)展有很長的歷史，但可以使用“想象的漢學(xué)”、“宗教的漢學(xué)”和“科學(xué)的漢學(xué)”的三個(gè)概念，對(duì)長時(shí)段的歷史進(jìn)行劃分，然后開展分階段的研究。其中，想象的漢學(xué)，以馬可?波羅為代表，指用歐洲文化的語言、興趣和觀念，想象中國文化，并進(jìn)行描述。宗教的漢學(xué)，以利瑪竇為代表，指在西方基督教背景下，接觸、觀察和解釋中國文化，有時(shí)也借用中國文化的非宗教概念，對(duì)西方基督教教義進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充性的解釋?？茖W(xué)的漢學(xué)，意大利漢學(xué)家馬國賢(Matteo Ripa)創(chuàng)立，指在意大利那不勒斯成立“中國學(xué)院”，建立歐洲第一所教授漢語的教育機(jī)構(gòu)，講授漢語漢字，編寫漢語教材，介紹中國知識(shí)和中國經(jīng)典，培養(yǎng)漢學(xué)人才。
在歐洲漢學(xué)史的發(fā)展中，法、德、英和瑞典漢學(xué)互動(dòng)，逐步改變歐洲中心論，向中國文化本體靠攏。當(dāng)代歐洲漢學(xué)家，以法國頂級(jí)大儒汪德邁為代表，從中國材料實(shí)際出發(fā)，尊重中國人的思維方式和禮俗文化，在中西文化交流的現(xiàn)代環(huán)境中，解釋中國社會(huì)文化，開辟了當(dāng)代歐洲漢學(xué)的新里程。路易薩在講課中插播了多部意大利漢學(xué)史的影片片段，影片中的意大利威尼斯、法蘭巴黎、德國柏林、瑞典斯德哥爾摩和中國北京與廣州等多國城市的歷史建筑再現(xiàn)，學(xué)者和學(xué)子在研討、爭(zhēng)論和交流，展現(xiàn)了復(fù)雜而堅(jiān)定的學(xué)術(shù)文化交流圖景，引起了聽講師生極大的興趣。
意大利薩蘭托大學(xué)路易薩教授為青海師大文學(xué)院
研究生通識(shí)課“跨文化中國學(xué)研究方法論”講授第三講
部分聽講師生截屏（2022年3月26日）
青海師范大學(xué)文學(xué)院劉曉林副院長在課后做了總結(jié)，他贊嘆路易薩教授長時(shí)間使用漢語授課所表達(dá)的學(xué)術(shù)友誼，認(rèn)為這種國際交流學(xué)術(shù)活動(dòng)有助于研究生的拓展學(xué)習(xí)。青海師范大學(xué)文學(xué)院李國英院長對(duì)路易薩教授使用三個(gè)概念和跨文化學(xué)的方法梳理西方漢學(xué)史予以肯定。董曉萍教授認(rèn)為，路易薩教授所介紹的歐洲漢學(xué)史的當(dāng)代趨勢(shì)值得關(guān)注，已有不少歐洲漢學(xué)家自覺摒棄“歐洲中心論”的思想和方法，轉(zhuǎn)向使用中國材料，用跨文化學(xué)的理論和方法研究人類多元文化，包括更準(zhǔn)確地中國文化和社會(huì)。路易薩今天講課的本身也是一種示范。
Postgraduate General Course of the First-Level Discipline
Chinese Language and Literature of Qinghai Normal University
“Methodology of Transcultural Study on Chinese Society and Culture” Invites
Italian Professor Luisa Prudentino to Deliver Lecture on
“A Brief History of European Sinology”
The third lecture of “Methodology of Transcultural Study on Chinese Society and Culture”, postgraduate general course of the first-level discipline Chinese Language and Literature of Qinghai Normal University, was held online on March 26th, 2022. The keynote speaker was Professor Luisa Prudentino from Università del Salento, Italy. Her topic was “A Brief History of European Sinology——Starting from Matteo Ripa, An Italian Sinologist”. Professor Liu Xiaolin, vice dean of College of Chinese Language and Literature, Qinghai Normal University, presided over the lecture. Postgraduates and teachers of College of Chinese Language and Literature of Qinghai Normal University, researchers of Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability of Qinghai Normal University, and some teachers and students of School of Chinese Language and Culture of Beijing Normal University attended the lecture.
Professor Luisa Prudentino is an Italian Sinologist, mainly specializing in the history of European Sinology and the history of Chinese Cinema. China and Italy have a long history of cultural exchanges. The Chinese are familiar with the Italian historical figures Marco Polo and Matteo Ricci. Many young students from all over the world come there to learn Chinese language and culture every year.
From Luisa’s lecture, the audience learned that European Sinology has a long history of development, which can be sorted out and studied by the concepts of “imaginative Sinology”, “religious Sinology” and “scientific Sinology”. Imaginative Sinology, represented by Marco Polo, refers to imagine and describe Chinese culture with the language, interests and ideas of European culture. Religious Sinology, represented by Matteo Ricci, refers to the contact, observation and interpretation of Chinese culture in the context of Western Christianity, and sometimes there are supplementary interpretations of Western Christian doctrine by borrowing non-religious concepts of Chinese culture. Scientific Sinology, founded by Italian Sinologist Matteo Ripa, refers to the establishment of “China Institute” in Naples, Italy, which is the first Educational institution in Europe to teach Chinese characters, compile Chinese textbooks, introduce Chinese knowledge and Chinese classics, and cultivate sinology talents. In the development of innovation, Sinology in France, Germany, Britain, Sweden and other countries interact with each other, gradually changing the view of Eurocentrism through the scientific construction of Sinology. They learn to explain Chinese culture from the reality of Chinese materials, the way of thinking and the customary culture of Chinese people. Professor Luisa played several film clips of The History of Italian Sinology during the lecture, which aroused great interest of the teachers and students.
Professor Liu Xiaolin, vice dean of College of Chinese Language and Literature, Qinghai Normal University, made a summary after class and praised Professor Luisa highly for her excellent lecture delivered in Chinese for hours. Professor Li Guoying commented on Professor Luisa’s use of innovative concepts to sort out the history of Western Sinology. According to Professor Dong Xiaoping, what was learned from today’s lecture was that Professor Luisa introduced the trend that many Western Sinologists have abandoned the view of “Eurocentrism” and have taken advantage of transcultural theories and methods to study human multiculturalism, including Chinese culture.
(Trans. by Li Huafang)